Synthesizing and Integrating Research on IT-Based Value Cocreation: A Meta-Analysis

IT value research has witnessed growing interest in the use of joint IT resources and capabilities following recent shifts in market competition from the firm to the network level. Despite research efforts in this domain, there remain substantial inconsistencies in the IT value cocreation literature regarding the effect of interorganizational IT on business value and the role of methodological and contextual factors. Drawing on the resource-based view and the relational view of the firm, we conducted a meta-analysis to synthesize and integrate the body of knowledge of IT-based value cocreation. Our analysis of 80 studies, encompassing 21,843 observations, highlights the value-generating effect of four interorganizational IT capabilities: IT-based relation-specific assets, IT-based knowledge sharing, IT-based complementary capabilities, and IT-based governance. Insights from our preliminary meta-analysis reveal that contradictory findings are driven by the conceptualization of IT variables as interorganizational IT resources. A further moderator meta-analysis explains divergent empirical findings in the literature. We find that the use of relational-level value and perceptual measures, use of single respondents, and the context of developing countries and supply chain and networked interdependencies result in larger estimates of business value. In contrast, the use of network-level, firm-level, and objective measures; use of matched-pair approaches; and the context of developed countries and pooled interdependencies result in smaller estimates. Overall, this paper provides clarity and structure to the current understanding of the research field by providing explanations for inconsistent findings as well as a foundation for future research and theory development

SYNTHESIZING AND INTEGRATING RESEARCH ON IT-BASED VALUE CO-CREATION: A META-ANALYSIS

Recently, competition has shifted from the firm to the network level. Following this path, a growing stream in IT value research has emerged, aiming to understand how multiple firms create value through joint IT resources and capabilities. Despite the efforts made thus far, there are inconsistencies regarding construct definitions and divergent empirical findings. In this paper, we synthesize and integrate the body of knowledge on IT-based value co-creation. Drawing on the relational view, we first synthesize the existing empirical findings. The results of a meta-analysis of 72 studies encompassing 33,732 observations underline the importance of four sources of IT value: IT-based inter-organizational assets, IT-based knowledge sharing, IT-based complementary capabilities, and IT-based governance. A further moderator meta-analysis integrates divergent empirical findings in the literature. We find that objective measures dampen the relationship between inter-organizational IT and business value, while process-level measures and IT capabilities strengthen it. Moreover, we find evidence for higher value impacts in developing countries and an influence of inter-organizational relationship types. This study contributes by clarifying the IT-business value relationship and offers insights into sources of inconsistencies in IT-based value co-creation studies. By doing so, this paper lays a foundation for future research and theory development

Influence of Network Characteristics on Inter-Organizational IT Integration: The Role of Commitment and Trust

Research on inter-organizational relationships has become prominent in business and IS research and over the past two decades networks in particular have been widely recognized by both academics and practitioners as an important form of multi-organizational governance. Those networks rely heavily on information systems, and the integration of IS across partnering organizations has become the backbone of collaboration. In this context, the importance of organizational attributes has been highlighted by various studies, but antecedents of integration have primary been derived from IT related factors and do not consider network characteristics. This study sets out to expand the understanding of how network organizations can effectively develop and manage IT integration in order to co-create relational value. By drawing on the commitment-trust theory we develop and test a theoretical model based on data gathered from 228 network organizations to explain how network attributes facilitate IT integration

Value Co-Creation in Supply Chains through IT Integration: The Role of Collaborative Network Structure

Firms today are increasingly dependent on external resources, and the need for collaboration across organizational boundaries continues to grow. Therefore, research has highlighted the importance of IT capabilities that integrate an organization with its network of partner organizations. However, antecedents of IT integration have been primarily derived from technology-driven contexts. In contrast, the role of organizational attributes remains largely unexplored. We therefore develop and test a theoretical model to examine collaborative network structure as an antecedent to IT integration. Based on this particular form of supply chain governance, we go on to explore how IT integration in conjunction with other capabilities leads to supply chain integration, thereby enabling the creation of value. Based on data gathered from 150 supply chain executives, the study provides evidence on the important role of organizational attributes and contributes to the stream of research that examines the role of interorganizational IT capabilities in co-creating value

A data-driven microscopic on-ramp model based on macroscopic network flows

While macroscopic traffic flow models consider traffic as a fluid, microscopic traffic flow models describe the dynamics of individual vehicles. Capturing macroscopic traffic phenomena remains a challenge for microscopic models, especially in complex road sections such as on-ramps. In this paper, we propose a microscopic model for on-ramps derived from a macroscopic network flow model calibrated to real traffic data. The microscopic flow-based model requires additional assumptions regarding the acceleration and the merging behavior on the on-ramp to maintain consistency with the mean speeds, traffic flow and density predicted by the macroscopic model. To evaluate the model's performance, we conduct traffic simulations assessing speeds, accelerations, lane change positions, and risky behavior. Our results show that, although the proposed model may not fully capture all traffic phenomena of on-ramps accurately, it performs better than the Intelligent Driver Model (IDM) in most evaluated aspects. While the IDM is almost completely free of conflicts, the proposed model evokes a realistic amount and severity of conflicts and can therefore be used for safety analysis.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure

Value Co-creation through Network IT Alignment: An Empirical Examination in Regional Networks

IT alignment in intra-organizational contexts has been recognized as an important factor of organizational performance. This paper takes up this stance and translates it to the network level. In order to explain the role of IT in value co-creation, a theoretical model investigating the interconnection between IT alignment in inter-organizational networks and collaboration success is being developed. Moreover, the mode of governance is identified as an important antecedent to network IT alignment. An empirical study is conducted including answers from 165 regional network organizations in Germany. The results give support for the assumption that network IT alignment, first, contributes to the value co-creation in inter-organizational collaboration, and second, can be better achieved by networks with a centralized governance mode. In doing so, this study contributes to the emerging field that tries to understand the role of IT in the functioning of inter-organizational networks

Integrating Industry Characteristics in Inter-Organizational IS Adoption Models: A Mixed Method Approach

There are a number of benefits that can be achieved if information is shared automatically between partner organizations. While inter-organizational systems (IOS) are considered to be well adopted, a number of industries, amongst others the wood industry, lag far behind. This study aims to explain how industry characteristics can contribute to the explanation of this low adoption phenomenon. Based on eleven case studies and 204 survey responses, this mixed method study identifies five industry characteristics and their influence on adoption factors. The identified industry characteristics are organizational size, aged staff, low diffusion of IS, low government support, and heterogeneity in IT infrastructures. A theoretical model is developed integrating the industry characteristics and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework constructs. This study demonstrates that partner pressure, relative advantage, regulatory environment, and technological readiness significantly influence the adoption of IOS. Thus, this research provides valuable insights and offers guidance for policymakers and practice on factors leading to an improved adoption. As well, we conduct a new research design to identify industry-specific actions to help improve the adoption of IOS

The Impact of AlN Templates on Strain Relaxation Mechanisms during the MOVPE Growth of UVB-LED Structures

Strain relaxation mechanisms in AlGaN based light emitting diodes emitting in the ultraviolet B spectral range (UVB-LEDs) grown on different AlN/sapphire templates are analyzed by combining in situ reflectivity and curvature data with transmission electron microscopy. In particular, the impact of dislocation density, surface morphology, and lattice constant of the AlN/sapphire templates is studied. For nonannealed AlN/templates with threading dislocation densities (TDDs) of 4 × 109 and 3 × 109 cm−2 and different surface morphologies strain relaxation takes place mostly by conventional ways, such as inclination of threading dislocation lines and formation of horizontal dislocation bands. In contrast, a TDD reduction down to 1 × 109 cm−2 as well as a reduction of the lattice constant of high temperature annealed AlN template leads to drastic changes in the structure of subsequently grown AlGaN layers, e.g., to transformation to helical dislocations and enhanced surface enlargement by formation of macrofacets. For the growth of strongly compressively strained AlGaN layers for UVB-LEDs the relaxation mechanism is strongly influenced by the absolute values of TDD and the lattice constant of the AlN templates and is less influenced by their surface morphology

Effect of electron blocking layer doping and composition on the performance of 310 nm light emitting diodes

The effects of composition and p-doping profile of the AlGaN:Mg electron blocking layer (EBL) in 310 nm ultraviolet B (UV-B) light emitting diodes (LEDs) have been investigated. The carrier injection and internal quantum efficiency of the LEDs were simulated and compared to electroluminescence measurements. The light output power depends strongly on the temporal biscyclopentadienylmagnesium (Cp 2 Mg) carrier gas flow profile during growth as well as on the aluminum profile of the AlGaN:Mg EBL. The highest emission power has been found for an EBL with the highest Cp 2 Mg carrier gas flow and a gradually decreasing aluminum content in direction to the p-side of the LED. This effect is attributed to an improved carrier injection and confinement that prevents electron leakage into the p-doped region of the LED with a simultaneously enhanced carrier injection into the active region

Contribution of outgrowth endothelial cells from human peripheral blood on in vivo vascularization of bone tissue engineered constructs based on starch polycaprolactone scaffolds

In the present study we assessed the potential of human outgrowth endothelial cells (OEC), a subpopulation within endothelial progenitor cell cultures, to support the vascularization of a complex tissue engineered construct for bone. OEC cultured on starch polycaprolactone fiber meshes (SPCL) in monoculture retained their endothelial functionality and responded to angiogenic stimulation by VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) in fibrin gel-assays in vitro. Co-culture of OEC with human primary osteoblasts (pOB) on SPCL, induced an angiogenic activation of OEC towards microvessel-like structures achieved without additional supplementation with angiogenic growth factors. Effects of co-cultures with pOB on the vascularization process by OEC in vivo were tested by subcutaneous implantation of Matrigel! plugs containing both, OEC and pOB, and resulted in OEC-derived blood vessels integrated into the host tissue and anastomosed to the vascular supply. In addition, morphometric analysis of the vascularization process by OEC indicated a better performance of OEC in the co-cultures with primary osteoblasts compared to monocultures of OEC. The contribution of OEC to vascular structures and the beneficial effect of the co-culture with primary human osteoblasts on the vascularization in vivo was additionally proven by subcutaneous implantation of pre-cellularized and pre-cultured SPCL constructs. OEC contributed to the vascular structures, by generating autogenic vessels or by incorporation into chimeric vessels consisting of both, human and mouse endothelial cells. The current data highlight the vasculogenic potential of OEC for bone tissue engineering applications and indicate a beneficial influence of constructs including both osteoblasts and endothelial cells for vascularization strategies.The authors would like to thank B. Malenica, C. Braun, L. Meyer, K. Molter, M. Muller. J. Alonso-Monje for their excellent technical assistance. This work was financially supported by grants from the European commission (HIPPOCRATES N degrees NMP3-CT-2003-505758; EXPERTISSUES Contract nr.: 500283-2) and BMBF-Grant for German-Chinese Cooperation in Regenerative Medicine (grant number 0315033)